Studies

Using Digital Connectivity to Expand Global Job Opportunities for African Women

Motivation:

Despite rapid internet growth, Sub-Saharan Africa has the world’s lowest online freelancing participation, with women especially underrepresented. For young skilled Africans, particularly women, global remote work offers a path around local job scarcity and mobility restrictions. Yet connectivity alone is insufficient: information frictions, limited networks, and difficulties in signaling skills restrict entry. Women face additional barriers, such as lower digital literacy and smaller professional networks. By targeting these gender-specific frictions, this study examines whether structured support enables women to access, compete, and succeed in global online labor markets.

Objective:

This randomized controlled trial (RCT), which builds on an ongoing pilot experiment in Malawi, will test whether a bundled intervention improves labor market outcomes for a gender-balanced sample of skilled young African freelancers. In partnership with an online jobs platform (name withheld), the intervention consists of digital skills training, structured mentoring from successful African freelancers, and insights from the platform’s internal data. Researchers will measure impacts on online job search and job outcome behavior, broader economic outcomes, job satisfaction, and economic empowerment. 

Proposed Impact:

This study will provide the first rigorous evidence on how to enable African women to translate digital connectivity into global freelancing opportunities. By documenting whether structured training and mentorship increase women’s success on online jobs platforms, the project will inform governments, universities, and digital platforms on scalable approaches to integrating women into global labor markets. For policymakers, the results will highlight whether online freelancing can serve as a viable economic pathway in contexts of youth unemployment and gendered labor constraints. 

Overview

Status: Ongoing

Associated Institute: University of Michigan

Associated Investigators: Dean Yang (University of Michigan); Robertson Khataza (LUANAR, Malawi); David McKenzie (World Bank); Sunny Lee (Independent); Teng Liu (University of California, Santa Cruz)

Country: Multi-country throughout Sub-Saharan Africa

Implementation Partners: Online jobs platform (name withheld); Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (Malawi)

WEE-Connect thematic areas: online freelancing; labor markets; mentoring and networks; gender gap in freelancing

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